P.Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

P.Management - Essay Example We note that the majority of these expenses are estimations; in this way, some are progressively exact contrasted with others. Executive General Costs These are costs brought about in running an extend and can be followed back to the said venture. Such expenses are charged on the venture on a thing to-thing premise. These incorporate costs, for example, pay rates and wages for faculty entrusted with dealing with the understudy record the executives framework. In addition, costs, for example, incidental advantages for the undertaking directors and other staff ought to be fused in planning for direct expenses. Incidental advantages allude to the advantages payable for protection, retirement or gathering wellbeing strategies taken on low maintenance representatives, brief exploration experts occupied with the advancement of the undertaking and its usage or any chose understudy workers who might be enrolled in the venture the board. Such advantages are, be that as it may, not payable to full time workers as they as of now appreciate the advantages related with borders. Acquisition of extra PCs, printers and scanners, which are basic in the venture, is additionally named an immediate expense to the task. While customary acquisition of these gadgets may not be viewed as an immediate cost, this venture calls for acquisition of exceptionally refreshed models that are impervious to crashes and other gadget issues esteemed typical. Costs associated with preparing staff who will utilize the framework all the time, for example, workers in the fund, organization and records offices, ought to be incorporated when figuring the project’s direct expenses. It is additionally principal to incorporate transportation expenses to the instructional hubs and dinners for students in calculation of direct expenses. Other direct expenses for this task incorporate expenses of keeping up the framework switches, PCs, scanners and printers. In addition, direct expenses incorporate exp enses brought about in keeping up exclusive requirements of security, for example, establishment of security gadgets and security gatekeepers to man the task locales (Milosevic, 2001). Authoritative Overhead or Project Overhead Costs These are expenses of exercises which are helpful to more than one anticipate. Such expenses are very hard to surmised, for example, it is hard to assess how exercises of the leader of the fund division advantage the understudy records the executives framework. A portion of the regulatory overhead costs associated with the running of the learning organizations incorporate lease and utilities, for example, power and water payable by the establishment, lawful and review charges to applicable people or foundations, general school or college security, general phone costs caused by the foundation and pay rates and wages of the institution’s authoritative staff (Milosevic, 2001). In any case, there are sure costs that can be delegated either direct exp enses or authoritative overhead expenses. These incorporate postage and phone charges caused by the task and different incidental office costs engaged with the venture, yet which can't be effortlessly separated from conventional, various costs. Both immediate and certain managerial overhead expenses are summarized while defining the spending plan for this venture (Suhanic, 1999).â . Building up a Time-Phased Budget A period staged spending plan, for example, the cost standard financial plan is generally appropriate for planning in such a task. The gauge financial plan includes the summation of evaluations of expenses of the venture. A period staged financial plan is the way toward deciding when subsidizes should be profited to help the exhibition of the venture; in this way, it requires data

A2 EXCEL DRAFT Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

A2 EXCEL DRAFT - Assignment Example These figures gave the premise to count of the individual worker income, commitments and advantages just as the FICA conclusions. To give a money saving advantage examination, both the uses brought about by the division and the advantages meant reserve funds must be processed. The work force based uses incorporate the pay rates and wages and Employee benefits contributed by the division. Qualities for these two things are acquired from the 2014 received spending plan. The organization is obliged to make standardized savings commitment of 6.2% and Medicare commitment of 1.45% of the pay rates and wages separately. Furthermore, every worker is given a retirement related advantage of 7.5% of compensations and wages. When these figures are determined, the common costs, once costs and repeating investment funds are determined dependent on the presumptions that the pilot trial will run for a change time of a half year and includes 5 representatives in particular. Also, the investigation will be anticipated for a time of five years after the transitional period. This in the long run gives esteems to introduce estimation of expenses and the current estimation of advantages that are then used to ascertain the net present Value and the Benefit/cost proportion. Basically, the figures utilized for the figurings were gotten from the embraced spending plan for the area for the 2014 money related year. As per the report the human asset office has a staff FTE of 14, determined pay rates and wages of $993,967 and representative advantages adding up to $255,692. These figures are utilized to determine the worker benefits, FICA charge retentions, standardized savings and Medicare commitments. Standardized savings is processed by increasing 6.2% (pace of retaining) by the compensations and wages. Then again the Medicare commitments are determined by duplicating the pay rates and wages by a retention pace of 1.45%. Note that all classifications of derivations (commitments by manager) with the exception of

MeisterTask Listed as a 2017 Best App for Teaching Learning - Focus

MeisterTask Listed as a 2017 Best App for Teaching Learning - Focus We’re super chuffed to share that MeisterTask has been listed as a 2017 Best App for Teaching Learning! Now in its fifth yet, the list of best apps is announced by the American Association of School Librarians (AASL). Through the awards, the AASL pledge to recommend “the best of the best” technology resources for school librarians and teachers. The AASL Committee shared why MeisterTask had made the cut: “MeisterTask is a user-friendly, visual project/task management and collaboration tool, allowing students and teachers to create Project (Kanban) Boards for group tasks. Upon creating a Project, group members can see the tasks that are in progress, as well as those that have been completed. Group members can assign tasks to other members of their group, get notifications as tasks are completed or changed, and/or use widgets such as due tasks or my tasks to see a list of active tasks. For schools using Chromebooks, students and teachers can also use the Chrome extension to easily access their Dashboards. If a school has purchased the mind mapping tool, MindMeister, maps can be exported directly into MeisterTask to create a connected project with task synchronization. MeisterTask is a wonderful, intuitive tool to help streamline collaborative projects, keeping groups organized and on task. Any group project would benefit from this tool. However, specific possible uses in a school library context would be for group inquiry-based research projects, action or social justice projects, or collaborative unit planning among faculty.” Big thanks to the AASL and our users! The list was announced at the American Library Association’s annual conference in Chicago on Saturday 24th June. MeisterTask was announced as a top app for Organization and Management, alongside our friends at IFTTT, Google  Keep  and  Quizizz. “The apps recognized as Best Apps for Teaching Learning are of exceptional value to inquiry-based teaching and learning, as embodied in AASL’s “Standards for the 21st-Century Learner.” Recognized apps foster the qualities of innovation, creativity, active participation, and collaboration and are user-friendly to encourage a community of learners to explore and discover,” the ASSL announced in their press release. At MeisterLabs, we’re all about helping teams to collaborate, creatively and innovatively. As a result, we’re delighted to hear that we’re helping school staff and students to do more of this! Wed like to say a huge thanks to the AASL for including MeisterTask on the list and to any users who nominated MeisterTask  ?? We offer a 50% discount for education users on our MeisterTask Pro plan. To find out more, please contact  [emailprotected]. You might also enjoy reading: 5 Ways to Apply Project Management Methods in Your School Collaboration made simple Discover MeisterTask Its free! Discover MeisterTask

Epiphany Meaning and Examples

An  Epiphany is a term in literary criticism for a sudden realization, a flash of recognition, in which someone or something is seen in a new light. In Stephen Hero (1904), Irish author James Joyce used the term epiphany to describe the moment when the soul of the commonest object . . . seems to us radiant. The object achieves it epiphany. Novelist Joseph Conrad described epiphany as one of those rare moments of awakening in which everything [occurs] in a flash. Epiphanies may be evoked in works of nonfiction as well as in short stories and novels. The word epiphany comes from the Greek for a manifestation or showing forth. In Christian churches, the feast following the twelve days of Christmas (January 6) is called Epiphany because it celebrates the appearance of divinity (the Christ child) to the Wise Men. Examples of Literary Epiphanies Epiphanies are a common storytelling device because part of what makes a good story is a character who grows and changes. A sudden realization can signify a turning point for a character when they finally understand something that the story has been trying to teach them all along. It is often used well at the end of mystery novels when the saluteth finally receives the last clue that makes all the pieces of the puzzle make sense. A good novelist can often lead the readers to such epiphanies along with their characters.   Epiphany in the Short Story "Miss Brill" by Katherine Mansfield In the story of the same name Miss ​B rill discovers such annihilation when her own identity as onlooker and imagined choreographer to the rest of her small world crumbles in the reality of loneliness. The imagined conversations she has with other people become, when overheard in reality, the onset of her destruction. A young couple on her park bench—the hero and the heroine of Miss Brills own fictive drama, just arrived from his fathers yacht . . . —are transformed by reality into two young people who cannot accept the aging woman who sits near them. The boy refers to her as that stupid old thing at the end of the bench and openly expresses the very question that Miss Brill has been trying so desperately to avoid through her Sunday charades in the park: Why does she come here at all--who wants her? Miss Brills epiphany forces her to forgo the usual slice of honeycake at the bakers on her way home, and home, like life, has changed. It is now a little dark room . . . like a cupboard. Both life and home have become suffocating. Miss Brills loneliness is forced upon her in one transformative moment of acknowledgment of reality. (Karla Alwes, Katherine Mansfield. Modern British Women Writers: An A-to-Z Guide, ed. by Vicki K. Janik and Del Ivan Janik. Greenwood, 2002) Harry (Rabbit) Angstrom's Epiphany in Rabbit, Run They reach the tee, a platform of turf beside a hunchbacked fruit tree offering fists of taut ivory-colored buds. Let me go first, Rabbit says. Til you calm down. His heart is hushed, held in mid-beat, by anger. He doesnt care about anything except getting out of this tangle. He wants it to rain. In avoiding looking at Eccles he looks at the ball, which sits high on the tee and already seems free of the ground. Very simply he brings the clubhead around his shoulder into it. The sound has a hollowness, a singleness he hasnt heard before. His arms force his head up and his ball is hung way out, lunarly pale against the beautiful black blue of storm clouds, his grandfathers color stretched dense across the north. It recedes along a line straight as a ruler-edge. Stricken; sphere, star, speck. It hesitates, and Rabbit thinks it will die, but hes fooled, for the ball makes its hesitation the ground of a final leap: with a kind of visible sob takes a last bite of space before vanishing in falling. Thats it! he cries and, turning to Eccles with a grin of aggrandizement, repeats, Thats it. (John Updike, Rabbit, Run. Alfred A. Knopf, 1960) The passage quoted from the first of John Updikes Rabbit novels describes an action in a contest, but it is the intensity of the moment, not its consequences, that [is] important (we never discover whether the hero won that particular hole). . . .In epiphanies, prose fiction comes closest to the verbal intensity of lyric poetry (most modern lyrics are in fact nothing but epiphanies); so epiphanic description is likely to be rich in figures of speech and sound. Updike is a writer prodigally gifted with the power of metaphoric speech. . . . When Rabbit turns to Eccles and cries triumphantly, Thats it! he is answering the ministers question about what is lacking in his marriage. . . . Perhaps in Rabbits cry of Thats it! we also hear an echo of the writers justifiable satisfaction at having revealed, through language, the radiant soul of a well-struck tee shot. (David Lodge, The Art of Fiction. Viking, 1993) Critical Observations on Epiphany It is a literary  critics job to analyze and discuss the ways authors use epiphanies in novels.   The critics function is to find ways of recognizing and judging the epiphanies of literature which, like those of life itself (Joyce borrowed his use of the term epiphany directly from theology), are partial disclosures or revelations, or spiritual matches struck unexpectedly in the dark. (Colin Falck, Myth, Truth, and Literature: Towards a True Post-Modernism, 2nd ed. Cambridge Univ. Press, 1994) The definition Joyce gave of epiphany in Stephen Hero depends on a familiar world of objects of use—a clock one passes every day. The epiphany restores the clock to itself in one act of seeing, of experiencing it for the first time. (Monroe Engel, Uses of Literature. Harvard University Press, 1973)

Why Do Firms Choose Their Capital Structure - 1623 Words

1. Introduction In order to grow, an enterprise needs investments. So they need to start wondering about which securities to acquire and how to finance those investments: with equity, debt or a combination of both (Myers, 2001). The study of capital structure tries to clarify this variety of securities and financing opportunities. In accounting terms, this decision is situated on the right-hand side of the balance sheet (Myers, 2001). In his Capital Structure Puzzle article, Myers (1984) poses the question â€Å"How do firms choose their capital structure?†. But even today, there is no right solution to this question. In the literature, there are three central theoretical models: the tradeoff model, the pecking-order hypothesis, and the agency†¦show more content†¦There is no obligation of an effective repayment to the shareholders and in return, the firm pays out a dividend to cover for the incurred risk. The amount of the dividend depends on the profitability of the firm. If the firm is not capable of paying out a dividend to its shareholders, this does not necessarily lead to bankruptcy. The other option firms have, is to use debt. Creditors invest money in the company, and the company has the obligation to repay an effective payment, with an agreed interest rate and maturity date (Proenà §a, et al., 2014). 2.1. Theories of capital structure The base for the modern capital structure theory comes from Modigliani and Miller (1958). They stated that it is irrelevant for a firm to choose between equity and debt in perfect and frictionless markets (Modigliani Miller, 1958). In those markets there are no taxes, perfect information disclosure of information and no transaction costs connected with the raise of money or going bankrupt (Chen, 2004). 2.1.1. Tradeoff theory Five years after their pioneering research, Modigliani and Miller relaxed the perfect market assumptions and added corporate tax decision to their models. Consequently, they found that an increase in debt levels will raise the value of the firm, because firms who finance their activities with long term debt experience a debt tax shield (Modigliani Miller, 1963). Modigliani and Miller (1963) do not show any evidence for bankruptcy

Conflict Resolution Assignment Free Essays

Finally they do the same job therefore there s a possibility of workplace competition causing conflict. Although the most obvious sign of the conflict is the argument between the colleagues there may have been signs before this. Unfortunately there is not enough background information given about the history, however it could be speculated that someone could have left the role before John and therefore was unhappy in their role and relationships at work. We will write a custom essay sample on Conflict Resolution Assignment or any similar topic only for you Order Now I would hope as a manager would have been able to identify and resolve this conflict before it got to this stage. However the role might also be new, if this is the case Mike eight be used to working on his own and therefore might feel he does not need any help. This could have included a meeting that turns into a stand- off or angry emails to each other. However due to Mikes personality the conflict could have been harder to discover – for example, Mike have withdrawn from contact with John however from John perspective this is normal behavior from Mike. Any change from normal behavior could be a sign of conflict or an issue therefore would consider this as a sign. Sign of conflict ;When John finally appears, Mike tells him he’s not going to cover for IM anymore and there is an argument. The cost of this conflict might already be taking place through a loss of productively, motivation and them not willing to work for each other. John stating ‘Just do your Job’ could be a sign this is already hipping. Dealing with employee conflict in a timely manner is important to maintaining a healthy work environment preventing the situation getting worse resulting in staff sickness or even one member of staff leaving. By spotting signs of conflict early, you have a better chance of identifying the cause, reaching an agreement, resolving the conflict. It is important to deal with the situation rather than the person, be a calming presence and that you try to build mutual respect and understanding between Mike and John. Being courteous to each of them and remain constructive. Sometimes it might be better to speak to them individually to get the facts before exploring the options together and negotiate how they are to work together. Through this process active listening is important to understand both Johns and Mikes position as well as them understanding each others. My role would be to Restate, paraphrase, summarize. This verbal approach is called the â€Å"Interest-Based Relational (FIR) Approach†. This will be particularly important in John and Mike’s situation because it respects individual differences and focuses on the mutual problem rather than the person. It is important look at the circumstances, and think about the style that may be appropriate. Then use a process to resolve the conflict. The Thomas-Killing Conflict Resolution model could be used to do this. It is important understand a person’s natural style. From the information in the narrative John is likely to take a competing approach this is assertive and uncooperative an individual pursues his own concerns at the other person’s expense. This approach is unlikely to be effective for John to use because it is a power-oriented mode where John holds no rank. However it is an approach that could take as a middle manager with supervision responsibilities. This is not an approach I would initially take, but could do if other methods fail. The other approach could be to be accommodating, the individual neglects his own concerns to satisfy the concerns of the other person. If any of the party did this it is not likely to resolve the issue. The accommodating party might feel the situation has not been dealt with and the conflict still remain. Mike had been Avoiding the issue for a while which had caused anger to build up and the argument to erupt. If took the same approach due to the differences in value and personalities they are not likely to resolve the issue themselves and the problem is not likely to go away. A more appropriate approach might be to collaborate to work with others to find a solution that fully satisfies their concerns. For example Fijian arrives late John might agree to stay on later. The final option could be to compromise. For example an agreement might be made where John arriving 5 minutes late is not an issue, but John might agree not to arrive 20 minutes late. Thus finding a middle ground. Having an open discussion with Mike and John might help identify other problems that need to be resolved, but also promote understanding and motivate them to work more efficiently. It is important to keep a close eye on the situation including having formal one to one meetings, receiving feedback from other employees, but also ensuing they value each other’s difference to the extent they can work with each other threaten to improve the work environment and the performance of the business. How to cite Conflict Resolution Assignment, Papers

Management Techniques For The Red

Management Techniques For The Red-Cockaded Woodpec Essay ker On Federal LandsSean FraserNRM 304ABSTRACTThe red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) has been listed as an endangeredspecies since October, 1970. This species inhabits pine forests in thesoutheastern United States where the majority of prime timberland is privatelyowned. Private ownership of preferred habitat and historically destructivesilvicultural practices create unique problems for federal wildlife managers. This report analyzes three management techniques being used to assess andaugment red-cockaded woodpecker populations on federal lands in the region,primarily military installations. Seeking cooperation between diversegovernment agencies, wildlife managers attempt to accurately assess speciesabundance, alter woodpecker nesting cavities, and construct nest sites in aneffort to enhance red-cockaded woodpecker habitat on limited federal holdings inthe American southeast. Key words: Picoides borealis, Global Positioning System, Geographic InformationSystem, cavity trees, cavity restrictorsThe red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) is an endangered speciesthat inhabits pine forests in an historical range from Texas to the Atlanticcoast (Jackson, 1986; Reed et al., 1988). Picoides borealis nest in clans orfamily groups that usually consist of one breeding pair and 2 non-breeding malehelpers (Jackson, 1986 ). This group establishes and defends a territory thatincludes foraging habitat and nesting cavity trees (Copeyon et al., 1991;Jackson et al., 1986; Rossell and Gorsira, 1996). Red-cockaded woodpeckerclans excavate cavities in living pines, and have established a living andforaging routine in conjunction with the southeastern pine forests and thehistorical occurrence of fire, which reduces hardwood understory while sparingfire-resistant pines (Jackson, 1986). Much of the prime nesting and foraginghabitat for this species has been systematically el iminated due to development,timber harvest and intensive fire suppression (Jackson, 1986). The emergenceof dense hardwood understory and midstory as a result of fire suppression inred-cockaded woodpecker habitat has resulted in the abandonment of manyotherwise undisturbed areas (Jackson, 1986; Kelly et al., 1993). The red-cockaded woodpecker has been listed as endangered since 1970(Federal Register, 1970 as cited by Ertep and Lee, 1994). Four requirementsfor sustained red-cockaded woodpecker populations that are lacking in thespecies historical range are identified as critical to species stabilization andrecovery: 1.) Open pine forests with shade tolerant understory controlled bycyclical fire seasons; 2.) Old growth Pinus palustrus aged 95 years and Pinustaeda aged 75 years; 3.) Approximately 200 acres for nesting group or clan;4.) Multiple clans per area to maintain genetic stability and variability(Jackson, 1986). The opportunity to establish or preserve these habitatqualities on private timberland is largely lost due to historical harvestpractices and development, and research on expanding populations on federalholdings is the most vital component in red-cockaded woodpecker stabilizationand recovery (Jackson et al., 1979a; Jackson, 1986). Exacerbating the problemof habitat loss due to enc roachment and fire-suppression are natural hazardssuch as hurricanes, pine-beetle infestations and usurpation of red-cockadedwoodpecker cavities by other species (Carter et al., 1989; Rossell and Gorsira,1996). Effects of historically natural hazards are multiplied in the contextof a diminished species abundance (Carter et al., 1989; Jackson, 1986). Land management for wildlife is subject to unique difficulties in theSoutheast, as the majority of forested land is privately owned (Jackson, 1986). In western states, approximately 2/3 of undeveloped land is federallyadministered, making the enactment of widespread management policies feasible,and controversies are apt to center around questions of access and use, ratherthan the more difficult problems concerned with private property rights. MATERIALS AND METHODSThis report will focus on the current techniques being explored andenacted to stabilize and increase red-cockaded woodpecker populations on federallands throughout its previous range. Three areas of concern regarding the red-cockaded woodpecker populations on federal lands interact to define currentmanagement practices (Jackson, 1986). Wildlife biologists, foresters, and themilitary have tested and combined specific techniques involving habitatassessment and identification, cavity alteration, and cavity construction tomanage limited habitat for the red-cockaded woodpecker on federally administeredland (Carter et al., 1989; Copeyon, 1990; Ertep and Lee, 1994). Analysisof specific studies and practices in these three areas serve as a description ofthe technique for managing limited federal lands for the enhancement andstabilization of red-cockaded woodpecker populations. DISCUSSIONHABITAT ASSESSMENT AND IDENTIFICATIONA significant problem associated with the management of red-cockadedwoodpecker populations is obtaining an accurate assessment of habitatavailability and home range estimates (Ertep and Lee, 1994; Reed et al.,1988). Differences in habitat quality and availability throughout the range ofthe red-cockaded woodpecker affect population density and the range of foragingand nesting activities within colonies, making general application of populationestimators difficult (Reed et al., 1988). This issue was addressed in 1988during a study to evaluate red-cockaded woodpecker population indices. Reed etal. (1988) set out to evaluate studies concerning red-cockaded woodpeckerpopulation indices and, if necessary, develop a new techniques to moreaccurately estimate adult population size. Reed at al. (1988) researched thecircular scale technique (CST) as described by Harlow et al. (1983) and foundthat application of this method of population estimation is limited. CSTutilizes aerial identification of active cavity tree groups, and encompassessaid groups in a 460-m diameter circle that contains as many of the activecavity trees as possible (Harlow et al., 1983 as cited by Reed et al., 1988). A soldiers Tale EssayPerhaps the most comprehensive study concerning artificial cavity constructionfor the benefit of the red-cockaded woodpecker was conducted by Copeyon, Waltersand Carter as part of a ten year study of red-cockaded woodpecker populations inthe Sandhills region of North Carolina (1991). Their work, Induction of Red-Cockaded Woodpecker Group Formation by Artificial Cavity Construction, (Copeyonet al., 1991) represents the most practical and valuable guide to red-cockadedwoodpecker population enhancement techniques to date (Conner and Rudolph, 1995). In 1990, Carole Copeyon published an article describing a technique forconstructing artificial cavities for red-cockaded woodpeckers. Explaining thatexcavation of suitable living cavities takes a minimum of ten months andnormally much longer to complete, Copeyon (1990) surmised that construction ofartificial cavities may be an effective management tool that would encouragecolonization of abandoned areas and reduce energy expenditure associated withnesting cavity construction. After making the decision to use artificial nesting cavities as amanagement tool, wildlife managers should attempt to select older trees in theirrespective areas of responsibility (Copeyon, 1990; Copeyon et al., 1991). Selection of older trees mimics the natural inclination of the red cockadedwoodpecker and that older trees have sufficient heartwood development to supportlarge nesting and roosting cavities without sustaining damage (Copeyon, 1990). As indicated previously, red-cockaded woodpeckers generally select trees between80 and 100 years old depending on species availability. Copeyon (1990) revealsthat an adequate artificial nesting cavity requires an entrance approximately4.4cm.-6.4cm. in diameter placed at 1-24 meters above ground level. An entrancetunnel should be excavated into the heartwood with the nesting chamber extendingdown at a right angle to the entrance tunnel to a depth between 20.3 and 27.3cm. (Figure 2) (Copeyon, 1990). Small resin wells are drilled around the treeabove and below the entrance site (Copeyon 1990; Rossell and Gorsira, 1996). Seepage from these wells act to discourage competitors and predators (Copeyon,1990). The results of Copeyons initial study concerning red-cockadedwoodpecker cavity construction are contained in (Table 2). TABLE 1. Use ofartificial cavities by red-cockaded woodpeckers (Picoides borealis) in theSandhills region of North Carolina (Copeyon, 1990). SpeciesAge #Constructed#Active LongleafOld2925Moderate74Young22Total3831LoblollyOld43Young21Total64Cavity construction for red-cockaded woodpecker management is aneffective tool for inducing the formation of new colonies in the specieshistorical range, and may prove to increase reproductive success in alreadyestablished colonies (Copeyon et al., 1991). RESULTSFurther research is necessary to establish the impact of management forthe red-cokaded woodpecker on other species (Masters et al., 1996). Initialstudies indicate that management practices involving the clearance of hardwoodunderstory and the initiation of prescribed burns in red-cockaded woodpeckerhabitat increase forage for white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) (Masterset al., 1996). Studies continue to examine concerns about possible negativeeffects of single species management practices in association with red-cockadedwoodpecker recovery effort (Masters et al., 1996). In the 25 years since theidentification of the red-cockaded woodpecker as an endangered species,establishing a unified recovery program among the diverse federal agenciesresponsible for the administration of lands within the species range has beendifficult (Jackson, 1986). In the first 15 years of listing, no programsexisted to effectively manage habitat for the red-cockaded woodpecker. Jackson(1986) des cribed the situation as especially urgent, as the red-cockadedwoodpecker was becoming dependent on widely dispersed islands of habitat,isolating colonies and creating the potential for catastrophic losses due tonatural occurrences and inter-species competition for roosting and nesting sites. Since 1986, research into habitat requirements for successful red-cockadedwoodpecker colonies have been identified (Copeyon et al., 1991; Jackson, 1986). Improvements in identifying suitable habitat, altering existing cavities todecrease competition for roosting and nesting sites, and initiating formation ofred-cockaded woodpecker colonies through construction of artificial cavitieshave been synthesized into a specific technique of managing federal lands forthe red-cockaded woodpecker (Copeyon et al., 1991; Ertep and Lee, 1994;Rossell and Gorsira, 1996). Category: Social Issues

Hamlets Hamartia Essays - Literature, Arts, Entertainment

Hamlet's Hamartia Hamlet's Hamartia Hamlet is the most written about tragedy in the history of man. But, why is it a tragedy? Is it because Hamlet has a tragic flaw that creates his downfall? Or is it that all the cards are stacked against him since the beginning of the play and there is no way he can prevail? I believe that it is a tragedy because of Hamlet's tragic flaw. Hamlet's tragic flaw is that he cannot act on impulse for things that require quick, decisive behavior, and that he acts on impulse for things that require more contemplation than is given by him. Hamlet speaks of his father's tragic flaw that ultimately led him to his death, but it applies equally well to himself: So, oft it chances in particular men, That for some vicious mole of nature in them, As, in their birth, wherein they are not guilty (Since nature cannot choose his origin), By the o'ergrowth of some complexion, Oft breaking down the pales and forts of reason, Or by some habit that too much o'er-leavens The form of plausive manners--that these men, Carrying, I say, the stamp of one defect, Being nature's livery, or fortune's star, Their virtues else, be they as pure as grace, As infinite as man may undergo, Shall in the general censure take corruption From that particular fault. The dram of evil Doth all the noble substance of a doubt To his own scandal. (1.4.23-38) Hamlet speaks of the one defect that is in particular men from birth, and the fact that that one defect is his particular fault. Hamlet says that this fault will corrupt the man.

The Roman Salute Morituri te salutant

The Roman Salute Morituri te salutant As the toga-wearing combatants face each other across an unforgiving circle of sand, they turn toward their laurel-wreathed eminence, snacking on grapes, and bellow: â€Å"Ave, Imperator: Morituri te salutant!† This staple of swords-and-sandals fiction, the gladiator’s salute to his Emperor, in fact likely never happened. Only a handful of Roman historians, long after the fact, mention the phrase - literally, â€Å"Hail, Emperor, those who are about to die salute you† - and there’s little indication that it was in common usage in gladiatorial combat or any other games in ancient Rome. Nonetheless, â€Å"Morituri te salutant† has gained considerable currency in both popular culture and academia. Russell Crowe mouths it in the film â€Å"Gladiator,† and it’s used over and over by heavy metal bands (most cheekily by AC/DC, who tweaked it â€Å"For those about to about to rock, we salute you.†). Origin of the Phrase Where did the phrase â€Å"Morituri te salutant† and its variations (†¦morituri te salutamus, or â€Å"we salute you†) come from? According to the historian Suetonius’s Life of the Divine Claudius, the account of that emperor’s reign in his compendium The 12 Caesars, written around 112 A.D., it stems from a peculiar event. Claudius had commanded an immense public works project, the draining of Lake Fucino for agricultural land. It took 30,000 men and 11 years to complete. In honor of the feat, the emperor ordered up a naumachia - a mock sea-battle involving thousands of men and ships - to be held on the lake before it was emptied. The men, thousands of criminals otherwise to be hanged, hailed Claudius thusly: â€Å"Ave, Imperator: Morituri te salutant!† upon which the emperor replied â€Å"Aut non† - â€Å"Or not.† After this, the historians disagree. Suetonius says that the men, believing themselves pardoned by Claudius, refused to fight. The emperor ultimately cajoled and threatened them into sailing against one another. Cassius Dio, who wrote about the event in the 3rd century B.C., said the men merely pretended to fight until Claudius lost patience and commanded them to die. Tacitus mentions the event, some 50 years after it happened, but doesn’t mention the plea by the gladiators (or more precisely, naumachiarii). He relates, though, that a large number of prisoners were spared, having fought with the valor of free men. Use in Popular Culture In addition to the above-mentioned films and rock albums, Te morituri†¦ is also invoked in Conrad’s Heart of Darkness and James Joyce’s Ulysses.

What is the purpose of on-line video sharing Essay

What is the purpose of on-line video sharing - Essay Example This type of online free video hosting websites has offered an open opportunity to share and offer the facility to watch video of everyone on the web. Additionally, the online video sharing websites helps anyone connect to the website to share and upload videos easily. However, the basic aim of this type of video sharing is to share someone’s ideas, views, likings, and disliking with other people. In addition, at the present the online video sharing websites have become active and popular due to their free of cost services. These websites allow the small independent video publishers the capability to share and publish personal, event, entertainment or some public video files to anyone without size related problems (Loeffler, 2009) and (Robertson, 2007). According to the recent research, one-half of all participants shared videos via e-mail to family and friends. Twenty-three percent participants used social networks to sent videos out to friends, 21 percent used instant messengers and 14 percent people used video-sharing web sites for instance YouTube and Hulu to share videos to their friends. Additionally, according to same research YouTube was the most commonly used web site for sharing, finding and watching video online, after that music sites, e-mail, Yahoo! and other news sites. In addition, this video sharing appears to take place mostly among close friends, relatives, and colleagues, since 72 percent of participants shared video to just one, two or three people (Hotel Marketing, 2009) The answer to this question is that we live in a society, we want to meet people, we want to share things and want to view and present our ideas to others. Another new aspect that emerges in 21st century is defining the way of entertainment by us. In the past, TV, Film, or Radio presented and defined the ways of entertainment. However, in this age of internet and web based technology firms for instance YouTube and

Finance executives recognize the benefits of method's green Assignment

Finance executives recognize the benefits of method's green efficiencies - Assignment Example The funds may be used to invest in other areas for example in research or advertising. Once the carbon acquires the greener products that do not release carbon in the atmosphere, it can enjoy the benefit of carbon offsetting. This implies that its tax liability would be reduced, thus making the total liabilities to reduce resulting to higher profits. Companies in various industries have embarked on investing in greener brands in a short run even though it is expensive. The collaboration between finance and operations departments at Method may result to the Method pursuing greener activities that are costly in the short run. It is vital to note that businesses should have long terms perspectives such as increased customers, going global and product diversification among others. Such perspectives can be attained by looking at the current situation. For example, Method can introduce greener household brand that is expensive. Once it starts to advertise the brand and the government as well as customers notice that such product does not cause harm to the environment, it may be highly demanded in the international market in the next few years. This will definitely increase the company sales and improve its image in the global market where competition is very stiff. The same way, a greener car may be expensive for example if Method dec ides to acquire around 10 cars. However, the government may after some time offset the company corporate tax with the Method’s carbon footprint (Gillenwater 16). This will result to low liability and high profit for Method. The increased demand for household products has resulted to stiff competition among the firms in the industry. The companies have come up with different strategies in addition reducing prices. I think also other household companies just like Method are beginning to realize how green products can improve their financial conditions. For example, some companies have introduced initiatives

Wabi Sabi And Tadao Ando

Wabi Sabi And Tadao Ando We can easily now conceive of a time when there will be only one culture and one civilization on the entire surface of the earth. I dont believe this will happen, because there are contradictory tendencies always at work on the one hand towards homogenization and on the other towards new distinctions. In the 1970s and 80s, architecture in Japan was developed as a quick imitation of some indistinct international style or much worse disneyfication of Japanese cities littered with out-of-place, or downright quirky, architecture. Attempts to be creative were easily blurred by sublimated ideas from pre-WWII period, as Japanese architects are lost in translating Western aesthetic forms for a Japanese public. Likewise attempts to be traditional remains most often restricted to the production of experimental skyscrapers with cut-outs and occasional pagoda roofs (note: need to find examples, images). Many Japanese architects of that period struggle to establish an identity for themselves in an increasingly homogeneous world (Isozaki, 2011: 35) Asahi Beer Building, Asakusa district, Tokyo, by renown product designer Phillip Strack, 1989. The same struggle is evident at the beginning of Tadao Andos career as he seeks to reconcile aspects of modern construction with aspects of Japanese tradition. His travels to the West in his late 20s, taught him extensively on the precedents of modern masters such as Le Corbusier, Mies van der Rohe and Louis Kahn (Dal Co, 1997). Yet, remarkably, Ando has never been described as a neo-Corbusian, a neo-Miesian, or a neo-Kahnian. His concrete surfaces have textures as smooth and delicate as fine Japanese craftwork. His compositions are spare and clean. By these means, Andos architecture embraces a contemplative, ascetic realm of stillness and abstraction. His works embodies a rare mastery of materials and light that seeks to reconnect mankind with nature, with a monastic sense of plainness. Kenneth Frampton in his essay Tadaos Andos Critical Modernism (Frampton, 1984) further celebrates Tadao Ando as a critical regionalist. So, how did Ando overcome his struggle for an identity? To answer this question, this dissertation begins with a look back into Japanese history. In the region of Kansai during the 16th century, the warlord Toyotomi Hideyoshi and his protà ©gà ©, tea master Sen No Rikyu, laid the foundation for the discipline of wabi-sabi: a strict adherence to the virtues of simplicity, poverty and modesty, in direct resistance to the unrefined pretention of wealth. It also reflects the dissatisfaction with institutional power and resistance to tyranny. Osaka, Kansais regional capital, is Tadao Andos native city. Thus, by birth and inclination, it is no coincidence that he belongs to wabi-sabi aesthetic which is still alive today, as do many of his clients. This dissertation therefore argues, for the first time, that the fundamental key to understanding Andos capacity for abstraction must be found in wabi-sabi aesthetics. This argument may best be illustrated by a comparison of his work with that of Sen no Rikyu (1522-91), one of the greatest of all tea ceremony masters, and an important architect of tea ceremony pavilions. This dissertation will then further discuss the role of wabi-sabi in making Ando a critical regionalist. By briefly exploring the concept of critical regionalism , its importance in contemporary architecture discourses and its criticism, the dissertation shall further reflect upon how Critical Regionalism functions within Japanese culture, in which its architectural past is often more of abstraction rather than physical. Wabi-sabi: A Context The Japanese aesthetic tradition, like any other cultural tradition, encompasses diverse tastes and arts. They range from the ordinariness of Noh theatre to the lavishness of Kabuki theatre, the severity of monochrome brush ink paintings to the opulence of gold-gilded screen paintings, and the simple rusticity of tea huts to the august majesty of castles. Among the variety of aesthetic pursuits, one theme stands out for being somewhat unconventional. It is a celebration of qualities commonly regarded as falling short of, or deteriorating from the optimal condition of the object (De Mente, 2006). While such works may appear somewhat homely and rough, at the same time they impart a sense of elegance and tranquillity, a kind of unsophisticated sophistication, like the moon obscured by clouds. (Koren, 1994). This study will refer to this Japanese aesthetics of the imperfection and insufficiency as wabi-sabi. The discussion in this chapter will briefly review the aesthetic, social, historical, and philosophical dimensions of this Japanese aesthetic taste. Wabi and sabi Wabi is derived from the verb wabu (to deteriorate) and the adjective wabishii (solitary, comfortless). The essence of wabi has been described as nonattachment and subtle profundity (De Mente, 2006: 45). The nonattachment essence of a wabi is part of the Zen School of Buddhism that teaches detachment from all material things and the ability to experience the essence of things (Koren, 1994: 12). On the other hand, the original meaning of sabi is rust or patina, but it also connotes loneliness and desolation as reflected in the adjective sabishii (lonely), particularly with reference to old age (1994: 13). Koren (1994: 21) primarily suggests wabi-sabi as the most conspicuous and characteristic feature of what we think of as traditional Japanese beauty, comparing its importance in Japanese aesthetics to the Greek ideals of beauty and perfection in the West. The essence of wabi aesthetic is perhqaps best captured in Sen No Ryikus words: never forget that the way of tea is nothing more than boiling water, making tea and drinking tea. And the tea ceremony conducted in the smallest of spaces serves primarily the practice of meditation and its goal is enlightenment. Originally, the meanings of neither wabi nor sabi were specifically related to aesthetic qualities. The development of the wabi-sabi aesthetic began in earnest during the Kamakura Period (1185-1333) coinciding with the spread of Zen Buddhism in Japan (Koren 1994: 12). Zen ideas about transcending the mundane world and conventional ways of looking at things through concepts like emptiness, impermanence and renunciation inspired a kind of appreciation of negative experiences such as old age, poverty and loneliness (Suzuki, 1972: 42). Hermits, priests and poets leading a solitary wandering life in search of spiritual insight incorporated this sense of appreciation in their works and teachings. As these ideas gained momentum, people tried to resign themselves to the sufferings of life and began to see a kind of beauty in them. Expressed in artistic forms, this in turn evolved into the aesthetic appreciation of wabi-sabi (Koren, 1994:14). Later, the development of the tea ceremony in the 16th century marks an important step in the evolution of wabi-sabi. Sen no Rikyu, credited with establishing the tea ceremony in its current form, was also influential in establishing wabi-sabi as an aesthetic concept (Okakura, 2005: 33). He extolled the use of simple, indigenous home-style tea utensils over the expensive and highly decorative tea utensils imported from China, placing objects expressing wabi-sabi at the pinnacle of aesthetic appreciation (2005:34). Initially, these new aesthetics could only be discovered in the humble utensils used by the common people, or in a neglected stone lantern overgrown with moss. However, as time progressed, design works were intentionally created to reflect wabi-sabi, for example, raku earthenware tea bowls or the design of the tea-house, which took on the style of a simple rural hut, with space inside for only two tatami mats (around 3.5m ²) (De Mente, 2006:45). Futhermore in art and design, two other elements that are often associated with sabi objects are asymmetry and austerity. Kakuzo Okakura (2005:15), the Japanese tea master, labelled this asymmetry beauty as the art of imperfection. Surprises are achieved by the unbalanced by the apparent randomness of things that allows the observer to complete the image. This stands in contrast to the Western compulsion to symmetry and mathematical balance, leaving no surprises and nothing for the viewer to add. Also worth nothing is that in modern Japan, the definition of a wabi-sabi style of living evolves into the elimination of things which that are inessential. The tranquillity aspect of wabi dictates a look and feel that radiates an aura of calm and solace. The natural aspect of sabi results from avoiding machination of any sort. This includes making an object or area look as if it were created by nature, not by human or machine (Koren, 1994). Wabi-sabi and Tadao Ando [further writing here on Tadao Andos background and why Tadao Ando: his significance in Japanese architecture since the 1980s] Several themes related to wabi-sabi can be identified in Andos works, and these will be discussed under the following distinct but interrelated headings: light, overlapping spaces and materials. This study will engage the expression of these themes through the analysis of his better known works, alongside an examination of similar principles in traditional Japanese exemplars. Light The spaces in Andos works are typified by light within darkness. Common features among Ando works are their meditative calmness and dimness. While describing Andos Church of Light in Ibaraki, Jodidio (2004) sums it up: If the enclosed world is a microcosm, the shaft of sunlight penetrating it is a ray of hope rendered vivid by the enclosure and the surrounding darkness. On the other hand, the fragile beauty of shadows that marked the Japanese cultural identity, as were praised by novelist Junichiro Tanizaki (1977), are utilised by Ando to infuse his buildings with an uncanny mood which enrich the void with darkness. In Andos Shiba Ryotaro Memorial Museum in Higashiosaka, visitors experience a space saturated with a heavy darkness, yet made significant by the sudden burst of light in the south-west elevation. Spatial Enclosure Though set in an urban environment, in true spirit of wabi-sabi, Andos buildings strive for the mood of a mountain retreat. Andos buildings are often described as an enclosed world, shut off from the exterior environment (Jodidio 2004:10). It shuts out the exterior world but introduces nature, in symbolic form. The symbolic representation of nature is a major expression of wabi-sabi aesthetic, and is prevalent in all Japanese art. One outstanding example is the Zen rock gardens of the Ryoan-ji, a 13th century Buddhist temple in Kyoto, where stones and white sand are used to depict islands and the sea. In Andos Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Art, near Kobe, visitors are greeted with a deceptively closed, minimalist volume of raw concrete. Dal Co (1997:125) describes the form of the museum as one which is radically new, yet there is still the old feeling of seclusion, of an architecture that creates another world remote from the everyday. He further describes the overall spatial structure is as closed to the outside yet open within, the former tempered by a few slits and the latter by layered planes (1997:125). One can argue that this is suggestive of the wabi-sabi approach in older, traditional Japanese architecture, where buildings are enclosed with a simple mud wall and made inwardly porous by layered screens. Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Art, outside Kobe Thus, spaces which overlap and figuratively fold in on each other add depth and richness to the composition and stimulate excitement and expectation in the person experiencing the space. The effect is achievable through the approach to the building. For example, the approach to a tea ceremony pavilion often leads through a garden space called a roji. This is exemplified in tea-ceremony huts in Kyotos Katsura Imperial Villa, one of Japans best known architectural heritage. In the course of traversing this garden, the visitor must pass through several gates, usually designed delicately and minimally, before finally reaching the pavilion where the tea ceremony will be performed. Detours are deliberately included in the stepping-stone walkway to generate similar anticipation and excitement. The same kind of indirect approach is characteristic of Andos buildings. Materials Traditional Japanese house architecture often employs unfinished logs, simply split bamboo, and walls made of clay with an admixture of chopped straw, as in Katsuras tea-ceremony hut. One can notice that materials were deliberately used without finishes for the sake of creating an aesthetically pure, ideal world of sobriety, calm and refined rusticity (Okakura, 2005). One can conclude that designers of tea ceremony architecture carefully selected only those materials conducive to production of a microcosm compatible with the aesthetics of wabi. Designers of such architecture tend to use natural materials, to have them look as natural as possible, and to employ muted -almost monochrome colour schemes. One could argue that Andos works severely limits the range of interior colours. In Andos buildings one could observe almost entirely unfinished concrete with the exception of floors and furnishings, which are of natural materials. Window sashes, which, though steel, are always painted gray, never bright self-assertive colours. This approach used both by designers of tea ceremony buildings and by Ando, is determined by a concern for the materials themselves and for spatial composition (Baek, 2008). Furthermore, in the spaces in Andos works, one can observe the same peaceful, almost desolate spirit of wabi-sabi that informs the design of a teahouse or lonely mountain temple. Apart from warm touches of wooden flooring and nature beyond, every surface of concrete, steel or mass presents a chilly monotonous grey. These black-and-white tonalities are distinctly Japanese, apparent in traditional buildings in silvery roof tiles, grey-weathered boards, neutral plaster and white paper screens. Tadao Andos Critical Modernism This chapter of the dissertation begins with a brief overview of critical regionalism, its importance in contemporary architecture discourse in Japan, and the criticisms against. Building on the discussion of wabi-sabi in chapters before, the chapter further discusses the role of wabi-sabi in making Ando a critical regionalist. Critical regionalism and Japan In history, regionalism is a manifested concept since the times of the Romans. Regional variations has been extensively discussed in Vitruvius treaties De Architectura (Ten Books on Architecture). The Romantics further propounded picturesque regionalism during the 19th and early 20th century. (Nesbitt 1996: 486) Critical regionalism, on the other hand, was first coined as an architectural concept in the early 1980s in essays by Alexander Tzonis, Liane Lefaivre and, subsequently, Kenneth Frampton. Tadao Andos works are situated within this backdrop of a newly defined focus on regionalism. This new focus is seen as a reaction to the authority of modernism and the imitating scenography of postmodernism, both of which were thought to have failed to address the human condition in their extreme stances towards historicism. The core question which arises is how to become modern and to return to sources?. In their 1981 article The Grid and the Pathway, Tzonis and Lefaivre hypothesise critical regionalism as the solution. In the context of architecture in Greece, they defined the term critical regionalism as the third and latest type of regionalism, following the English picturesque of nationalist regionalism, and the Neoclassical historicist regionalism. They further argued that modern architecture is impersonal and monolithic, destroying the humanistic qualities in architectural expression which would be reinstated by a new form of regionalism. (Tzonis Lefaivre, 1981) Frampton later followed their lead in propounding critical regionalism. In his 1983 seminal essay Towards a Critical Regionalism, he embeds the concept with a higher sense of urgency and highlights its critical nature against placeless monotony. Frampton saw critical regionalism exemplified by Jà ¸rn Utzons Bagsvaerd Church (1973-76) near Copenhagen, which represents, according to Frampton, a self-conscious synthesis of universal civilization and world culture. The combination of universal elements like the concrete outer shell of the church, with an organic and individualistic interior and a roof shape reminiscent of pagodas as a reference to world culture, make, in the eyes of Frampton, this architecture simultaneously resistant and modern (Frampton, 1983: 16) This resistance, one could argue, is also apparent in 1980s Japan in the midst of an economic boom. There exists a typified reaction against universal standards, western culture homogenisation and placeless modernism, but at the same time the reaction is critical in its outlook. Likewise, one could also argue that critical regionalism in Japan is self-evaluating such that it is confrontational with not only the world but also to itself. Although the Japanese (like the Chinese) had developed doctrines relatively early that emphasised the necessity of space essence, ma, and Western functionality and aimed, at least sporadically, at a reconciliation of Chinese and Western elements in architecture, regionalism has never been established as a critical architectural movement (Isozaki, 2001: 131). (note: further elaboration needed) On the contrary, Peter Eisenman argued there is no tradition of resistance in Asia. Thus, he concludes, rendering architecture in Asia, in principle, conservative and accommodating. Eisenman refers to the importance attributed to critical thinking in late 18th century Europe developed, in particular, by Kant and Giovanni Battista Piranesi that strongly contributed to the formation of a critical consciousness among European architects. Eisenman pointed out that such tradition cannot be traced in Asia. (Eisenman, 1995) (note: further elaboration needed) Tadao Ando: a wabi-sabi Critical Regionalist Frampton celebrates Tadao Ando as a critical regionalist. This is most evident in his essay Tadaos Andos Critical Modernism (Frampton, 1984) in which Frampton uses the label to discuss Andos architecture One of Framptons criteria for critical regionalism is a direct dialectical relation with nature, a dialog with the environment that Andos architecture embodies in the articulation of structure through the changing impact of terrain. This is exemplified in Andos Chikatsu-Asuka Museum outside Osaka. The work is characterised by the valley which surrounds the site. Ando decisively situated the museum on the severe slopes to make it a quiet building standing quietly in nature (Ando, 1989a: 46). In contrast to the modernist clean slate approach of levelling the site, Andos approach is in true adherence to the spirit of wabi-sabi of preserving the tectonic quality of the nature. In Chikatsu-Asuka, the work is tactile, another component of Framptons (1983:28) definition which resides in the fact that (the building) can only be decoded in terms of experience itself. Indeed, Ando professes that a building exists to be seen and experienced and not to be talked about (eds. Knabe Noennig, 1999: 118). It could also be argued that, in abidance to the tenets of wabi-sabi, Ando is seeking to tackle the tactile range of human perception. This romanticised emotion of wabi-sabi can be seen in the way Ando describes his buildings and context, which he refers to as cruel urban surroundings (Ando, 1997:12). As discussed earlier, within his territorial walls and spatial enclosure, Ando is determined to establish a natural, Zen-like relationship between the person, material and natural phenomena. His works are designed to be experienced in body and spirit. (eds. Knabe Noennig, 1999: 118) At the same time, Ando often speaks of the spirit and emotional contents which he has translated from the Japanese vernacular and the richness of the tradition of sukiya1 and minka2 which is lost in urban chaos and economic growth (Ando, 1982). In fact, his architecture is largely influenced by the nostalgia of his childhood memories: We all have had certain experiences in our childhood that have stayed with us for our entire lives. The house that I grew up in was very important to me à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ It is very long, and when you come in from the street you walk through a corridor and then into a small courtyard and then another long space that takes you deeper into the house. The courtyard is very important because the house is very long and the amount of light is very limited. Light is very precious à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Living in a space like that, where light and darkness are constantly interacting, was a critical experience for me. (Auping, 2002: 22) Ando (Auping, 2002: 22) speaks of himself, I value cultural treasures and would like to develop them in a creative way, revealing his, and many Japanese architects, fondness for cultural artefacts and a related lament at the loss of such an environment due to unrelenting urban development. On the other hand, the argument that posits Ando as a critical regionalist lies in this very statement by Frampton (1995:12), in which Ando is described as at once both an unequivocally modern architect and a figure whose values lie embedded in some archaic moment. In the same text, he further argued that Ando is committed to some other time before the machinations of progress has turned into an every present nemesis. Hence, one can conclude that Ando is critically opposed of the chaotic Japanese urban context and reproduction traditional Japanese physical elements. In his work there are none. One can hardly find the traditional open pavilion, bare timber skeleton, deeply overhanging roofs, or sliding shoji doors of spotless white paper (Jodidio, 2004: 21). Nevertheless Ando has transmuted these properties into something new, grounding his architecture in an ancient culture while freeing it of depiction. Wabi-sabi as a representation Japanese architectural identity. One could argue, like wabi-sabi itself, the notion of Japanese identity is perceived sensually rather than visually. Notes Sukiya is a type of Japanese architectural style. It can be literally translated as sophisticated, cultivated experience, often a reference to delight of the elegantly performed tea-ceremony. Minka are private dwellings of farmers, artisans, and merchants, constructed in traditional Japanese building styles. Illustration credits Leonard Koren, from his book Wabi-Sabi for Artists, Designers, Poets Philosophers, fig. 2-3 Author, fig. 1, 4-10 Word count 3493

Future of Smart Phones

In recent years, the concept of a smart phone is changing dramatically. Just review what we have already got. iPhone, a creative mobile phone, has established a platform full of potential, which allows programmers to design innovative applications and sell them online. We cannot deny that iPhone is the leader of the smart phone market, however, there’s another powerful purser, smart phones based on Google Android system, which is an open-sources operating system. Features of present smart phones are evident to see, touchscreen, GPS navigator, gravity sensor, massive delicate applications and so forth.These things have come up in such a short time and changed the market entirely. 2. Changes and Improvements of future smart phones As it’s said before, smart phones are full of potential. With the increasing growth of customers’ appetite, these little digital machines are evolving rapidly to benefit people. More functions will be integrated into smartphones. 2. 1 Gam ing experience It’s believed that the gaming experience will be greatly improved in next few years. Gamers will be able to experience what we are experiencing on PCs where a FPS game is involved with high-resolution graphical display and multiplayer co-operation.These should ascribe to faster processor and faster carrier service. Moreover, the installation of games will be much easier. Only several steps are needed to be done to have a latest game downloaded and ready to run. Payment and whatever can be accomplished online. Also, with the need for intense empathy of gaming experience, the screen of smart phones will be much bigger but not as big as an iPad because it’s a burden to carry. Some designed for game may have gaming controller on themselves, just like PSP. 2. 2 Security Perhaps most challenging concern for the future is security.Nowadays, increasing people use their credit cards via smart phones. It’s devastating to see that online thieves working day and night. At present we cannot make the conclusion that smart phone we are using is pretty secure, not by the iPhone being hacked to acquaint administration right. Manufactures and security corporations should work together to ensure that customers’ password won’t be stolen by villains. When a smart phone is infected with virus, powerful anti-virus software should alert the user and wipe out the threat immediately. 2. 3 CommunicationThe famous SNS website Facebook has already achieved 500 million registered accounts, which means there’re more and more people that enjoy online communication. This gives smart phones a perfect opportunity to be the very useful tool to keep in touch with others. Although we cannot access internet everywhere at present, the future smart phone will become the most common communication device with widespread Wi-Fi network. Moreover, contact with friends will be fun under the help of some features such as multi-touching and mini camera . Sharing at any time can be the top entertainment in our daily life. 3. ConclusionHave you ever dreamed of having an ultra-functional hand like device that can do almost everything for you? It’s not transformers, but it can come into being with the rapid development of technology. Smart phones, with faster processor and high developed operating system, won’t just be your travelling companion, but your key to the colorful digital world.Bibliography (References) John Brandon (2010, February). The Future of Smartphones: 2010-2015 and Beyond. Retrieved October 28, 2010, from Digital Trend, Features Web site: http://www. digitaltrends. com/features/the-future-of-smartphones-2010-2015-and-beyond/

Hamburger Universities Essay

As of today, we have seven Hamburger Universities (HUs) around the world. They are state of the art training centers for restaurant employees and corporate staff. Since its inception, Hamburger University training has emphasized consistent restaurant operations procedures, service, quality and cleanliness. The curriculum is comprehensive, thought-provoking and the perfect foundation for building a successful career. The fact that our Oak Brook Campus Hamburger University is the only restaurant company training academy awarded  college credit recommendations by the American Council on Education (ACE) is indicative of the value Hamburger Universities bring to our system and our employees. ACE recommendations mean that credits earned at Hamburger University can be applied toward a college degree. 100% of the restaurant manager and mid-management curricula are eligible for a total of up to 46 credits – approximately two years of full-time college study. Over the years, McDonald’s Malaysia sent its Restaurant Managers to Hamburger  Universities located in the United States, Australia and Korea. In mid-2006, we officially launched the McDonald’s Leadership Institute, a virtual learning community with guidance and resources to support and develop employee leadership and talent. It gives McDonald’s leaders opportunities to grow and develop through structured learning with other leaders, to participate in challenging development experiences and to access a wide variety of development tools and best practices resources. The Leadership Institute helps them develop critical leadership skills needed to address major short and long-term business challenges that are affecting the corporation. Under the auspices of the Institute, accelerated leadership development programs for high-potential directors and officers are offered annually across all areas of the world. As the end of 2007, 184 employees from 43 countries had participated with more than 40% of those who graduated receiving promotions.

The Role of Ghost in Hamlet and His Resolution on the...

The Role of Ghost in Hamlet and His Resolution on the Dramatic Work The Ghost of the previous Danish king in Hamlet is a potent element that causes Prince Hamlet variety of reactions toward the world around him and to the unexpected killer, King Claudius. Besides, the Ghost is the tool of knowledge that lights Hamlets heart with the love of insisting on searching the credibility of the crime. The Ghost of Hamlets father played a crucial role in the play especially on Hamlet by telling him the truth of his death and commanding him to revenge from the killer. The role of the Ghost and his command in Hamlet caused Hamlet hesitation and skepticism about Ghosts credibility. It drives Hamlet to choose between the consequences of life or†¦show more content†¦That explains that she is dishonest with him and she concerns on outputs, such as, herself, throne, prestige and her economic and political power more than her family and especially the source of all these graces her husband and the father of her son. However, the Ghost tells Hamlet to not thin k badly of his mother, because the heaven will deal with her actions. Taint not thy min, nor let thy soul contrive against thy mother aught. Leave her to heaven and to those thrones that in her bosom lodge, to prick and sting her. The metaphor of (thorns in her bosom) contradicts with (to prick and sting her) because the bosom symbolized femininity, but the prick and sting portrays the idea of pain, and the Ghost sees that she hurt his heart by her actions. The main thing that the Ghost concerns about is to take revenge from his brother and neglecting his wifes actions after his death because she seems nothing to him at all. However, his violent messages on his wife increases Hamlets hatred, anguish and disgust at his mothers actions. As well as, it is from his interest to put his son besides him to revenge from his brother, Claudius. Later one, the Ghost confessions and thoughts has conflict Hamlets mind throughout the play in different ways. The hesitation and skepticism about ghosts credibility with Hamlet: Hamlet doubts whether the Ghost is a devil, angel or a soul. The Ghosts command urges Hamlet toShow MoreRelated Reality and Illusion in Shakespeares Hamlet - Reality, Appearance and Deception875 Words   |  4 PagesIllusion in Hamlet    Shakespeare’s play, Hamlet, begins with the appearance of a ghost, an apparition, possibly a hallucination. 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